Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 穴

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuè

Preclassic Old Chinese: whīt

Classic Old Chinese: whīt

Western Han Chinese: whjǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: whiǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: whiēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whiēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: whiēt

Middle Chinese: ɣwiet

English meaning : cave

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пещера, грот; нора; 2) могила, склеп

Comments: For initial *wh- cf. Fuzhou coll. khok⁸ (equivalent of the lit. hiek⁸) (the reflex is missing in Starostin 1989, p. 122), reflecting "Common Chinese" *ɣhʷiet.

Radical: 116

Four-angle index: 6363

Karlgren code: 0409 a-b

Vietnamese reading: huyệt

Character: 立

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝp

Classic Old Chinese: rǝp

Western Han Chinese: rǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: lip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lip

Late Postclassic Chinese: lip

Middle Chinese: lip

English meaning : to stand, stand up; to set up, establish, appoint

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стоять; стоя; 2) стоячий, вертикальный; стоймя; 3) поставить; учредить, основать(ся); 4) установить (отношения); заключить (договор); составить (документ, расписку); 5) начать, открыть (торговлю); 6) взойти на престол; поставить на престол; занять место; 7) немедленно; с места; на месте; 8) сокр. литр

Comments: For *r- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou lip⁸, Fuzhou lik⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 117

Four-angle index: 538

Karlgren code: 0694 a-d

Vietnamese reading: lập

Shijing occurrences: 28.2

Character: 丞

Modern (Beijing) reading: chéng

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒ́iŋ

English meaning : assist

Russian meaning[s]: помощь; помощник

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 67

Karlgren code: 0896 g

Character: 丟

Modern (Beijing) reading: diù

Russian meaning[s]: 1) потерять, утратить; 2) кинуть, бросить; убрать; отбросить; отделаться

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 8648

Character: 乒

Modern (Beijing) reading: pīng

Russian meaning[s]: 乒乓 пингпонг, настольный теннис

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 4073

Character: 乓

Modern (Beijing) reading: pāng

Russian meaning[s]: 乒乓 пингпонг, настольный теннис

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 7797

Character: 乩

Modern (Beijing) reading: ji

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 亙

Modern (Beijing) reading: gèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝ̄ŋs

Classic Old Chinese: kǝ̄ŋh

Western Han Chinese: kǝ̄ŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝ̄ŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀ŋ

Middle Chinese: kл̀ŋ

Fanqie: 箇鄧

Rhyme class: 徑

English meaning : increasing moon

Russian meaning[s]: 1) простираться от...; доходить до...; 2) протяженность; 3) повсюду, всегда

Shuowen gloss: 求. 亙也. 從二. 從{叵}. {叵}古文回. 象亙回形. 上下所求物也.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 7

Four-angle index: 519

Karlgren code: 0881 a-c

Character: 交

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: krāw

Classic Old Chinese: krāw

Western Han Chinese: krāw

Eastern Han Chinese: krāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄w

Middle Chinese: kạw

English meaning : to compare; to cross, mix with, mingle, associate with

Russian meaning[s]: 1) передать, внести, уплатить; вручить; 2) иметь связь (отношения); сноситься; заводить связи; дружить, водить знакомство; знакомство, дружба; чувства; 3) взаимно передавать; обмениваться; один другого, взаимно; 4) на границе, на подходе к...; на стыке; 5) совокупляться; 6) вместе, одновременно; попеременно

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 8

Four-angle index: 6372

Karlgren code: 1166 a-b

Vietnamese reading: giao

Shijing occurrences: 40.2, 40.3

Character: 亦

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhiak

Classic Old Chinese: lhiak

Western Han Chinese: lhiak

Eastern Han Chinese: zhiak

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhjek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhjek

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhjek

Middle Chinese: jek

English meaning : also, furthermore, then, and

Russian meaning[s]: 1) также, тоже; 2) сверх того; к тому же; и; 3) только; всего лишь; 4) древн. затем

Comments: The graph is originally a drawing of two armpits, being homophonous with 掖 'armpit' q.v. OC *lh is reflected irregularly as MC j-; aspiration is revealed by Min reflexes, Xiamen iaʔ⁷, Chaozhou ia⁶ (reflecting *lhiak-s).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 8

Four-angle index: 8320

Karlgren code: 0800 a-c

Shijing occurrences: 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 17.3, 26.1, 26.2, 35.6, 39.1, 54.3

Character: 亥

Modern (Beijing) reading: hài [+gāi]

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄́ (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄́ (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄́ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄́ (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄́j (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣʌ́j

Fanqie: 荷乃

Rhyme class: 賄 [a] 灰 [+b]

English meaning : the 12th of the Earthly Branches

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 12-ый знак двенадцатеричного цикла; двенадцатый; декабрь (в датах); 2) время с 9 - 11 часов вечера; 3) Хай (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 荄也. 十月微陽起. 接盛陰. 從二. 二古文上. 字一人男. 一人女也. 從乙. 象褢子咳咳之形. 春秋傳曰. "亥有二首六身". 凡亥之屬皆從亥.

Radical: 8

Four-angle index: 7810

Karlgren code: 0937 a-f

Vietnamese reading: họ'i

Character: 仿

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǎng

Preclassic Old Chinese: phaŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pháŋ

Western Han Chinese: pháŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: phwáŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwáŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwáŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwáŋ

Middle Chinese: phwáŋ

English meaning : to imitate, resemble [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) похоже, подобно, как будто; 2) подражать (чему-либо); имитировать; [páng] блуждать, вм. 彷

Comments: In Viet. cf. also (as a colloquial loanword) phỗng 'statue, statuette'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4224

Karlgren code: 0740 v

Vietnamese reading: pho`ng

Character: 伉

Modern (Beijing) reading: kàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khāŋs

Classic Old Chinese: khāŋh

Western Han Chinese: khāŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: khāŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: khā̀ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khā̀ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khā̀ŋ

Middle Chinese: khầŋ

English meaning : high (e.g. gate)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чета, супруги; 2) крепкий, здоровый; 3) прямой; 4) давать отпор; 5) высокий, вм. 抗

Comments: During late Zhou used for homonymous *khāŋs 'equal, companion, mate; proud'.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7686

Karlgren code: 0698 c

Character: 伙

Modern (Beijing) reading: huǒ

Russian meaning[s]: 1) товарищ, компаньон; 2) домашняя утварь, пожитки; посуда, утварь

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5454

Character: 伊

Modern (Beijing) reading: yī

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔij

Classic Old Chinese: ʔij

Western Han Chinese: ʔjǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjij

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔji

Middle Chinese: ʔji

English meaning : personal equational copula: it is, they are; he, she, it, they

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вост. диал. он; тот; 2) она; 3) звукоподражание, см. 咿; 4) сокр. г. Кульджа

Comments: A rather universal personal stem, thus Viet. is not necessarily borrowed.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4146

Karlgren code: 0604 a-c

Vietnamese reading: y

Shijing occurrences: 24.3, 33.1, 35.2, 35.6

Character: 伕

Modern (Beijing) reading: fū

Russian meaning[s]: вм. 夫

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5066

Character: 伍

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋhāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋhā́

Western Han Chinese: ŋhā́

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋhā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhṓ

Middle Chinese: ŋó

English meaning : group of five [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пять человек; пяток; 2) ряд; шеренга; строй; войска; 3) пять (прописью); 4) компания; водить компанию; 5) У (фамилия)

Comments: = 五 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 526

Karlgren code: 0058 e

Character: 伐

Modern (Beijing) reading: fá fā

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)at

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)at

Western Han Chinese: b(h)at

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wat

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wǝt

Middle Chinese: bwǝt

Fanqie: 伏襪

Rhyme class: 月

English meaning : to cut off, chop off, beat, attack

Russian meaning[s]: 1) идти карательным походом; поход; идти войной; нападать; 2) рубить (лес); 3) ударять, бить (напр. в барабан); 4) заслуги; выставлять напоказ свои заслуги; хвастаться; 5) шаг, походка

Shuowen gloss: 擊也. 從人持戈. 一曰敗也.

Comments: Also read fá in Mand. Possibly of Austroasiatic origin: cf. PAA *pa:t / *b(ʔ)a:t 'sharp, cut', Thai bʔa:t to cut; pa:t to cut off uneven parts.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6757

Karlgren code: 0307 a-e

Vietnamese reading: phạt

Shijing occurrences: 10.1, 10.2, 16.1_, 50.1

Character: 休

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiū

Preclassic Old Chinese: hu

Classic Old Chinese: hu

Western Han Chinese: hǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: hiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: hǝw

Middle Chinese: xǝw

English meaning : to rest, be happy, lucky

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отдыхать; отдых; простой (предприятия); 2) прекратить, перестать; перерыв; перестаньте!, не надо!; 3) уйти на покой (в отставку); уволить(ся) с должности; 4) развестись; развод; покинуть жену; 5) счастье, удача; счастливый

Shuowen gloss: 息止也.從人依木. [270]

Comments: A possible etymology see under 熏.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5140

Karlgren code: 1070 a-f

Vietnamese reading: hu'u

Shijing occurrences: 9.1_

Character: 伏

Modern (Beijing) reading: fú

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝk

Classic Old Chinese: bǝk

Western Han Chinese: bǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: bwǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: bwɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: buk

Late Postclassic Chinese: buk

Middle Chinese: bük

English meaning : to lie down; to put down, suppress, submit

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лежать ничком, пасть ниц; преклоняться; покориться; эпист. покорнейше; я (в письме старшему); 2) прятаться, скрываться, сидеть в засаде; 3) лежать; лежачий; лежа; 4) сокр. период жары; 5) Фу (фамилия)

Comments: Also used metaphorically: 'to lie down (before smb.)' > 'to admire, esteem'. For *b cf. Xiamen pɔk⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4955

Karlgren code: 0935 a-b

Vietnamese reading: phục